Customizable, conformal, and stretchable 3D electronics via predistorted pattern generation and thermoforming

Description


The PDF file includes:
Figs. S1 to S18 Table S1 Legends for movies S1 to S9

Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:
Movies S1 to S9  . Stress-strain curves of SEBS film during thermoforming process at different temperatures (at a strain rate of 1 /s). 110 °C is the operation temperature for thermoforming, which can provide the SEBS film with the maximum plastic deformation of 100 % without mechanical failure and keep the geometry after finishing the thermoforming process. In case of non-distorted pattern, the angle of inclination of the line deviates from 90º when it goes to the end of the 3D hemisphere. Furthermore, due to the non-parallel lines, the distances cannot be calculated. In contrast, in case of pre-distorted pattern, each line is parallel to each other and the distances between two adjacent lines are similar.    The 3DE kept its original shape and resistance up to 65 °C. When temperature was higher than 65 °C, the shape of the 3DE collapsed, which caused a dramatic increase of ΔR/R0 of the EGaIn-CP electrode and electrical disconnection of the EGaIn-CP electrode.
Therefore, the 3DE can be operated up to temperature of 65 °C. Photo Credit: Jungrak Choi, KAIST.    S11. SEBS film preparation. The SEBS pellet was measured and put into a square perforated plate (metal guide plate) and it was placed between bottom and top plates. Then, the plates were put into a pneumatic press machine and a pressure was applied to the plates for 5 minutes. After that, the plates were cooled down and the SEBS film was fabricated by detaching from the plates. Photo Credit: Jungrak Choi, KAIST.
Fig. S12. Pre-distorted pattern generation process. Using the 3D mesh processing software, designed electronics pattern on the 3D model was projected onto the simulated mesh. From oneto-one correspondence between the initial mesh and simulated mesh, the pre-distorted pattern was obtained.     S16. Photograph of the system setup for demonstration of a hemisphere-shaped speaker. A sound from the 3D-shaped speaker was generated using an audio amplifier board. A sound from the 3D-shaped speaker was generated using an audio amplifier board connected to a commercial music player. While the music was played, the sound generated from the 3D-shaped speaker was recorded by using a commercial microphone. Photo Credit: Jungrak Choi, KAIST.   *Printability on complex 3D structure means that the printed 3DE has both convex and concave shapes with various curvature radii.

Supplementary Videos:
• Movie S1 (.MP4 format). Electrical and mechanical stability test of the 3DE under stretching, twisting, and folding deformations.