Seismic detection of the martian core
Single seismometer structure
Because of the lack of direct seismic observations, the interior structure of Mars has been a mystery. Khan et al., Knapmeyer-Endrun et al., and Stähler et al. used recently detected marsquakes from the seismometer deployed during the InSight mission to map the interior of Mars (see the Perspective by Cottaar and Koelemeijer). Mars likely has a 24- to 72-kilometer-thick crust with a very deep lithosphere close to 500 kilometers. Similar to the Earth, a low-velocity layer probably exists beneath the lithosphere. The crust of Mars is likely highly enriched in radioactive elements that help to heat this layer at the expense of the interior. The core of Mars is liquid and large, ∼1830 kilometers, which means that the mantle has only one rocky layer rather than two like the Earth has. These results provide a preliminary structure of Mars that helps to constrain the different theories explaining the chemistry and internal dynamics of the planet.
Abstract
Clues to a planet’s geologic history are contained in its interior structure, particularly its core. We detected reflections of seismic waves from the core-mantle boundary of Mars using InSight seismic data and inverted these together with geodetic data to constrain the radius of the liquid metal core to 1830 ± 40 kilometers. The large core implies a martian mantle mineralogically similar to the terrestrial upper mantle and transition zone but differing from Earth by not having a bridgmanite-dominated lower mantle. We inferred a mean core density of 5.7 to 6.3 grams per cubic centimeter, which requires a substantial complement of light elements dissolved in the iron-nickel core. The seismic core shadow as seen from InSight’s location covers half the surface of Mars, including the majority of potentially active regions—e.g., Tharsis—possibly limiting the number of detectable marsquakes.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1-1 to S11-1
Tables S0 to S8-3
Resources
References and Notes
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Volume 373 • Issue 6553 • 23 July 2021
Pages: 443 - 448
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Received: 1 April 2021
Accepted: 14 June 2021
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Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000008David and Lucile Packard Foundation:
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104National Aeronautics and Space Administration: 80NM0018D0004
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http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665Agence Nationale de la Recherche: ANR-14-CE36-0012-02
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003006Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: ETH-06 17-02
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http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003339Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: RTI2018-095594-B-I00
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003006Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: ETH-10 17-3
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http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665Agence Nationale de la Recherche: ANR-19-CE31-0008-08
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003006Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: ETH+2 19-1 Planet Mars
