Active restoration accelerates the carbon recovery of human-modified tropical forests
The carbon gain in restored logged forest
There is currently great interest in the capacity of global forest to store carbon and hence contribute to the mitigation of climate change in the coming decades. In a study of Southeast Asian tropical forest, Philipson et al. show that active restoration of logged forests generates higher rates of carbon accumulation than naturally regenerating forest. To estimate the economic feasibility of restoration treatments, they modeled the carbon price required to offset the cost of restoration, finding that the highest prices seen in recent years would be needed to approach those that could offset restoration costs. These results are important for tropical forest policy, establishing the importance of restoration for the carbon recovery potential of tropical forests.
Science, this issue p. 838
Abstract
More than half of all tropical forests are degraded by human impacts, leaving them threatened with conversion to agricultural plantations and risking substantial biodiversity and carbon losses. Restoration could accelerate recovery of aboveground carbon density (ACD), but adoption of restoration is constrained by cost and uncertainties over effectiveness. We report a long-term comparison of ACD recovery rates between naturally regenerating and actively restored logged tropical forests. Restoration enhanced decadal ACD recovery by more than 50%, from 2.9 to 4.4 megagrams per hectare per year. This magnitude of response, coupled with modal values of restoration costs globally, would require higher carbon prices to justify investment in restoration. However, carbon prices required to fulfill the 2016 Paris climate agreement [$40 to $80 (USD) per tonne carbon dioxide equivalent] would provide an economic justification for tropical forest restoration.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S3
Table S1
Resources
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References and Notes
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Volume 369 | Issue 6505
14 August 2020
14 August 2020
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Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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Received: 21 June 2019
Accepted: 19 June 2020
Published in print: 14 August 2020
Acknowledgments
We thank the Sabah Biodiversity Council and the Danum Valley Management Committee for permission to conduct this work. INFAPRO field data were obtained by research assistants at Yayasan Sabah’s and Face the Future’s joint large-scale forest rehabilitation project INFAPRO. We acknowledge assistance and support from the South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP) and Sabah Forestry. We also acknowledge J. Tay for assistance and advice for the original setup of the project. We are grateful to J. Alexander, N. Ocampo-Peñuela, E. Watts, and J. Bailey from mosaic media for help with graphics and cartography. Comments from four anonymous reviewers greatly improved previous versions of the manuscript. Funding: Field data were acquired for the EU-funded INDFORSUS project (ER-BIC18T960102 to G.M.F.) and from projects funded by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland (ref. 50076 to M.E.J.C. and D.F.R.P.B.) and the DfID and NERC Programme “Understanding the impact of the current El Nino event” (NE/P004806/1 to M.E.J.C., D.F.R.P.B., D.S.B., G.M.F., and G.M.F.v.d.H.). Airborne carbon mapping, processing, and analysis were funded by the UN Development Programme GEF, Avatar Alliance Foundation, Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Worldwide Fund for Nature, Morgan Family Foundation, and the Rainforest Trust (to G.P.A. and G.R.). Author contributions: M.E.J.C. and D.F.R.P.B. conceived the original idea for this study, building on work initiated by G.M.F., D.S.B., and M.E.J.C. C.D.P., D.F.R.P.B., and M.E.J.C. designed the field data collection for the 20-year resurvey of field plots, which was led by C.D.P. and undertaken by C.D.P., S.M., J.A.M., and SEARRP research assistants. Analysis of carbon accumulation was designed and performed by C.D.P., with input from A.L., P.G.B., D.F.R.P.B., and M.E.J.C. Additional inventory data were used from research designed by P.R.L. and M.A.P., P.M.C., C.E.W., M.S., and Y.S.W., with field data collected by P.R.L. and Y.S.W. The remotely sensed carbon map was produced by G.P.A. and staff, with analysis performed by C.D.P., P.G.B., G.P.A., J.A.M., J.F., and R.E.M. C.D.P., D.F.R.P.B., and M.E.J.C. conceived the paper, and all authors contributed to writing the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Plot ACD data are available through the UK Environmental Information Data Centre (39). The carbon map data and code for all analysis are found at https://github.com/PhilipsonChristopher/CarbonRecovery (40).
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