Evolutionary history and adaptation of a human pygmy population of Flores Island, Indonesia
The genetics of human short stature
Flores Island in Indonesia has a long history of hominin occupation, including by the extinct Homo floresiensis and a more recent settlement by modern humans. Furthermore, Flores has an extant population of pygmy humans, and H. floresiensis exhibited a diminutive adult size relative to other hominins. Tucci et al. examined genetic variation among 32 individuals, including 10 sequenced genomes, from a population of pygmies living close to the cave where H. floresiensis remains were discovered. These individuals exhibit signatures of polygenic selection explaining the short stature and have genomic content from both Neanderthals and Denisovans, but no additional archaic lineages. Thus, restricted height is under selection at this location and has evolved independently at least twice in hominins.
Science, this issue p. 511
Abstract
Flores Island, Indonesia, was inhabited by the small-bodied hominin species Homo floresiensis, which has an unknown evolutionary relationship to modern humans. This island is also home to an extant human pygmy population. Here we describe genome-scale single-nucleotide polymorphism data and whole-genome sequences from a contemporary human pygmy population living on Flores near the cave where H. floresiensis was found. The genomes of Flores pygmies reveal a complex history of admixture with Denisovans and Neanderthals but no evidence for gene flow with other archaic hominins. Modern individuals bear the signatures of recent positive selection encompassing the FADS (fatty acid desaturase) gene cluster, likely related to diet, and polygenic selection acting on standing variation that contributed to their short-stature phenotype. Thus, multiple independent instances of hominin insular dwarfism occurred on Flores.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S26
Tables S1 to S10
Resources
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Information
Published In
Science
Volume 361 • Issue 6401 • 3 August 2018
Pages: 511 - 516
History
Received: 22 December 2017
Accepted: 22 June 2018
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Copyright © 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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NIH: R01GM110068
RE: Insular dwarfism of Homo floresiensis
Thanks for this article. It makes a lot of sense in my opinion. Homo erectus or their immediate ancestors spread intercontinentally, probably early-Pleistocene along African and southern Eurasian coasts and rivers (where brain-specific nutrients such as DHA were abundant, google e.g. "Coastal Dispersal 2018 biology vs anthropocentrism"). So it's not unexpected that some of their descendants could also colonize overseas islands such as Flores, Sulawesi, Crete, Cyprus and the Dodekanesos, and there could evolve a diminutive adult size (Homo floresiensis' insular dwarfism), independently (in parallel) from extant pygmy humans.