Ecosystem fluxes during drought and recovery in an experimental forest
An experimental forest ecosystem drought
Drought is affecting many of the world’ s forested ecosystems, but it has proved challenging to develop an ecosystem-level mechanistic understanding of the ways that drought affects carbon and water fluxes through forest ecosystems. Werner et al. used an experimental approach by imposing an artificial drought on an entire enclosed ecosystem: the Biosphere 2 Tropical Rainforest in Arizona (see the Perspective by Eisenhauer and Weigelt). The authors show that ecosystem-scale plant responses to drought depend on distinct plant functional groups, differing in their water-use strategies and their position in the forest canopy. The balance of these plant functional groups drives changes in carbon and water fluxes, as well as the release of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. —AMS
Abstract
Severe droughts endanger ecosystem functioning worldwide. We investigated how drought affects carbon and water fluxes as well as soil-plant-atmosphere interactions by tracing 13CO2 and deep water 2H2O label pulses and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an enclosed experimental rainforest. Ecosystem dynamics were driven by different plant functional group responses to drought. Drought-sensitive canopy trees dominated total fluxes but also exhibited the strongest response to topsoil drying. Although all canopy-forming trees had access to deep water, these reserves were spared until late in the drought. Belowground carbon transport was slowed, yet allocation of fresh carbon to VOCs remained high. Atmospheric VOC composition reflected increasing stress responses and dynamic soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, potentially affecting atmospheric chemistry and climate feedbacks. These interactions and distinct functional group strategies thus modulate drought impacts and ecosystem susceptibility to climate change.
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Volume 374 | Issue 6574
17 December 2021
17 December 2021
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Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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Received: 30 May 2021
Accepted: 13 October 2021
Published in print: 17 December 2021
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge valuable support from all members of the B2WALD team, as detailed in the B2WALD contribution list (36).
Funding: This work was funded by the European Research Council [ERC consolidator grant 647008 (VOCO2) to C.W.] and financial support from the Philecology Foundation to Biosphere 2 to L.K.M., with in-kind support detailed elsewhere (36).
Author contributions: C.W., L.K.M., and S.N.L. conceived and designed the study; all authors collected and/or analyzed data; C.W. wrote the first draft with input from L.K.M. and S.N.L. Data analysis was led by J.I., A.K., J.v.H., D.B., J.K., L.K.M., S.N.L., and C.W., with input from all authors. All authors revised the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Data and materials availability: All data used in this manuscript are publicly available (DOI: 10.25422/azu.data.14632593).
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European Research Council: 647008
Philecology Foundation to Biosphere:
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