Discovery of davemaoite, CaSiO3-perovskite, as a mineral from the lower mantle
Lower mantle “garbage can”
Calcium silicate perovskite has finally been identified in a natural sample and now has the mineral name davemaoite. Tschauner et al. discovered the type mineral trapped at high pressure and temperature as a diamond inclusion (see the Perspective by Fei). Structural and chemical analysis of the mineral showed that it is able to host a wide variety of elements, not unlike fitting bulky objects into garbage can. Specifically, it has a large amount of trapped potassium. Davemaoite can thus host three of the major heat-producing elements (uranium and thorium were previously shown experimentally) affecting heat generation in Earth’s lower mantle. —BG
Abstract
Calcium silicate perovskite, CaSiO3, is arguably the most geochemically important phase in the lower mantle, because it concentrates elements that are incompatible in the upper mantle, including the heat-generating elements thorium and uranium, which have half-lives longer than the geologic history of Earth. We report CaSiO3-perovskite as an approved mineral (IMA2020-012a) with the name davemaoite. The natural specimen of davemaoite proves the existence of compositional heterogeneity within the lower mantle. Our observations indicate that davemaoite also hosts potassium in addition to uranium and thorium in its structure. Hence, the regional and global abundances of davemaoite influence the heat budget of the deep mantle, where the mineral is thermodynamically stable.
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Supplementary Materials
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Data S1
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History
Received: 9 August 2021
Accepted: 21 September 2021
Published online: 11 November 2021
Acknowledgments
We thank N. Tomioka and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments.
Funding: This work was supported by awards NSF-EAR-1838330, -EAR-1942042, and -EAR-1322082; the NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1644779; and the State of Florida. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and the Advanced Light Source were supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, contracts DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-AC02-05CH11231, respectively.
Author contributions: O.T., S.H., S.Y., and M.H. participated in design, interpretation, data collection, and analysis of the reported results and in drafting and revising the manuscript. W.L., S.N.G.C., H.A.B., J.T., and G.R.R. participated in data collection and revising the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests.
Data and materials availability: Additional chemical and crystallographic information about davemaoite is provided in the supplementary materials. Raw data are deposited at Dryad (23). Crystallographic and chemical information on type davemaoite is deposited in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. The type material is deposited with the NHMLA under accession number 74541.
Authors
Funding Information
National Science Foundation: NSF-EAR-1838330
National Science Foundation: EAR-1942042
National Science Foundation: EAR-1322082
National Science Foundation: DMR-1644779
U.S. Department of Energy: DE-AC02-06CH11357
U.S. Department of Energy: DE-AC02-05CH11231
U.S. National Science Foundation: DMR-1644779
This: NSF-EAR-1838330
This: EAR-1942042