Nanoscale localized contacts for high fill factors in polymer-passivated perovskite solar cells
Opening charge transport pathways
In perovskite solar cells, the insulating nature of passivation layers needed to boost open-circuit voltage also increases the series resistance of the cell and limits the fill factor. Most improvements in power conversion efficiency have come from higher open-circuit voltage, with most fill factor improvements reported for very small-area cells. Peng et al. used a nanostructured titanium oxide electron transport layer to boost the fill factor of larger-area cells (1 square centimeter) to 0.84 by creating local regions with high conductivity.
Science, this issue p. 390
Abstract
Polymer passivation layers can improve the open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells when inserted at the perovskite–charge transport layer interfaces. Unfortunately, many such layers are poor conductors, leading to a trade-off between passivation quality (voltage) and series resistance (fill factor, FF). Here, we introduce a nanopatterned electron transport layer that overcomes this trade-off by modifying the spatial distribution of the passivation layer to form nanoscale localized charge transport pathways through an otherwise passivated interface, thereby providing both effective passivation and excellent charge extraction. By combining the nanopatterned electron transport layer with a dopant-free hole transport layer, we achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 21.6% for a 1-square-centimeter cell with FF of 0.839, and demonstrate an encapsulated cell that retains ~91.7% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of damp heat exposure.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S27
Table S1
3D Simulation Model File
Resources
References and Notes
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Volume 371 | Issue 6527
22 January 2021
22 January 2021
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Copyright © 2021, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Received: 24 March 2020
Accepted: 10 December 2020
Published in print: 22 January 2021
Acknowledgments
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Funding: This work was supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and the Australian Research Council. Responsibility for the views, information, or advice expressed herein is not accepted by the Australian Government. J.P. acknowledges the financial support of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP). T.P.W. is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (project no. FT180100302) funded by the Australian Government. T.P.W. also acknowledges the support of the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-sen University). Y.R., Q.L., and J.L. acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 11974436 and 11674402) and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (grant no. 2020B1515020019). Author contributions: J.P. conceived the idea, designed the overall experiments, and led the project. J.P., Y.W., T.D., M.A.M., and H.S. prepared and characterized the perovskite cell devices. D.W., T.P.W., and K.J.W. conducted the 3D numerical simulation. Y.R. and Q.L. performed the PMMA hole pattern fabrication. J.L. supervised the PMMA hole pattern fabrication and optimization. J.P. and D.-Y.C. performed ALD TiO2 deposition and ICP-RIE etching. Y.W. and M.A.M. performed the GIXRD and XRD measurements and analysis. M.T. and H.T.N. performed the PL and TRPL measurements and analysis. T.D., O.L.C.L., and S.Z. conducted the SEM measurements and analysis. T.L. and Y.L. performed the AFM measurements and analysis. W.L. performed the EQE measurements. L.L. and F.K. performed the FIB-SEM measurements and analysis. J.P., D.W., and T.P.W. wrote and revised the manuscript. T.P.W. and K.R.C. supervised the project. All authors contributed to the discussion of the results and revision of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are available in the main text or the supplementary materials.
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