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Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs
Dog domestication was multifaceted
Dogs were the first domesticated animal, likely originating from human-associated wolves, but their origin remains unclear. Bergstrom et al. sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes from multiple locations near to and corresponding in time to comparable human ancient DNA sites (see the Perspective by Pavlidis and Somel). By analyzing these genomes, along with other ancient and modern dog genomes, the authors found that dogs likely arose once from a now-extinct wolf population. They also found that at least five different dog populations ∼10,000 years before the present show replacement in Europe at later dates. Furthermore, some dog population genetics are similar to those of humans, whereas others differ, inferring a complex ancestral history for humanity's best friend.
Abstract
Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S13
Tables S1 to S6
Data File S1
MDAR Reproducibility Checklist
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References and Notes
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Volume 370 | Issue 6516
30 October 2020
30 October 2020
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Received: 22 January 2020
Accepted: 10 September 2020
Published in print: 30 October 2020
Acknowledgments
We thank S. Charlton, I. Lazaridis, A. Manin, and I. Mathieson for comments on the manuscript, G.-D. Wang and C. Marsden for help with data access, and GORDAILUA (the Gipuzkoa Centre for Heritage Collections), S. San José, C. Olaetxea, M. Urteaga, A. Sampson, A. R. Sardari Zarchi, and M. Abdollahi (ICHHTO, Iran) for facilitating sample access. Funding: Ancient genome sequencing was supported by SciLifeLab National Projects and the Erik Philip Sörensen Foundation (to P.S.). A.B., T.D., and P.S. were supported by the Francis Crick Institute core funding (FC001595) from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust. P.S. was also supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 852558), a Wellcome Trust Investigator award (217223/Z/19/Z) and the Vallee Foundation. R.J.L. was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#SSHRC IG 435-2014-0075). Y.K. was supported by State Assignment of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy. M.S. was supported by ZIN RAS (state assignment no. AAA-A19-119032590102-7). A.T.L. was supported by the Smithsonian’s Peter Buck Postdoctoral Fellowship. Archaeological work in Serbia was supported by AHRC grant AH/J001406/1. Computations were supported by SNIC-UPPMAX (b2016004) and the UOXF ARC facility. L.F. was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 210119/Z/18/Z) and by Wolfson College (University of Oxford). G.L. was supported by the ERC (grant ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD). G.L. and K.D. were supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council (grants NE/K005243/1 and NE/K003259/1). Dating was supported by the NERC Radiocarbon Facility (NF/2016/2/4). Author contributions: G.L. and P.S. initiated the study. J.S., K.-G.S., D.A., E.A., S.A., G.B.-O., V.I.B., J.B., D.B., S.F., I.F., D.F., M.G., L.K.H., L.J., J.K.-C., Y.K., R.J.L., D.L.D., M.M., M.N., V.O., D.O., M.P., M.R., D.R., B.R., M.S., I.S., A.T., K.T., I.U., A.V., P.W., A.G., and L.D. contributed material and archaeological information. R.S., E.E., O.L., L.G.-F., J.H., A.J., H.R., and A.L. did ancient DNA molecular work, supervised by A.G., L.D., R.P., G.L., and P.S. A.B., L.F., A.C., T.D., E.K.I.-P., and P.S. processed the genome sequence data, supervised by L.F. and P.S. A.B. did population genomic analyses, supervised by P.S. A.T.L. did mitochondrial DNA analyses, supervised by G.L. A.B., L.F., G.L., and P.S. wrote the paper with input from R.P., K.D., and all other authors. Competing interests: Authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: The generated DNA sequencing data are available in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under study accession PRJEB38079.
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RE: Did dogs evolve from "waterwolves"?
Thanks a lot, very interesting. Our hypothesis on dog domestication: when wading humans were hunting in shallow water (wading or in small boats? probably late-Pleistocene), e.g. ducks or waterfowl amid reeds, wolves were waiting at the waterside; both groups profited from each other, and gradually cooperated more & more. Such domestications could have occurred in parallel. Google e.g. "coastal dispersal Pleistocene Homo PPT Verhaegen". This helps explain why all dogs like to swim.