Advertisement
GET OUR E-ALERTS
Special Issue Review

Learning from the past and considering the future of chemicals in the environment

Andrew C. Johnson https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-3764 [email protected], Xiaowei Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-3623, Norihide Nakada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-6809, and John P. Sumpter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-0365
Science • 24 Jan 2020 • Vol 367, Issue 6476 • pp. 384-387 • DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6637
get access

Abstract

Knowledge of the hazards and associated risks from chemicals discharged to the environment has grown considerably over the past 40 years. This improving awareness stems from advances in our ability to measure chemicals at low environmental concentrations, recognition of a range of effects on organisms, and a worldwide growth in expertise. Environmental scientists and companies have learned from the experiences of the past; in theory, the next generation of chemicals will cause less acute toxicity and be less environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative. However, researchers still struggle to establish whether the nonlethal effects associated with some modern chemicals and substances will have serious consequences for wildlife. Obtaining the resources to address issues associated with chemicals in the environment remains a challenge.
Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access
Already a Subscriber?

References and Notes

1
J. E. Casida, G. B. Quistad, Golden age of insecticide research: Past, present, or future? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43, 1–16 (1998). 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.1
2
P. P. Egeghy, R. Judson, S. Gangwal, S. Mosher, D. Smith, J. Vail, E. A. Cohen Hubal, The exposure data landscape for manufactured chemicals. Sci. Total Environ. 414, 159–166 (2012). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.046
3
R. Judson, A. Richard, D. J. Dix, K. Houck, M. Martin, R. Kavlock, V. Dellarco, T. Henry, T. Holderman, P. Sayre, S. Tan, T. Carpenter, E. Smith, The toxicity data landscape for environmental chemicals. Environ. Health Perspect. 117, 685–695 (2009). 10.1289/ehp.0800168
4
S. Strempel, M. Scheringer, C. A. Ng, K. Hungerbühler, Screening for PBT chemicals among the “existing” and “new” chemicals of the EU. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 5680–5687 (2012). 10.1021/es3002713
5
L. Posthuma, J. van Gils, M. C. Zijp, D. van de Meent, D. de Zwart, Species sensitivity distributions for use in environmental protection, assessment, and management of aquatic ecosystems for 12 386 chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 38, 905–917 (2019). 10.1002/etc.4373
6
T. J. Thrupp, T. J. Runnalls, M. Scholze, S. Kugathas, A. Kortenkamp, J. P. Sumpter, The consequences of exposure to mixtures of chemicals: Something from ‘nothing’ and ‘a lot from a little’ when fish are exposed to steroid hormones. Sci. Total Environ. 619–620, 1482–1492 (2018). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.081
7
C. G. Daughton, The Matthew Effect and widely prescribed pharmaceuticals lacking environmental monitoring: Case study of an exposure-assessment vulnerability. Sci. Total Environ. 466–467, 315–325 (2014). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.111
8
A. C. Johnson, R. L. Donnachie, J. P. Sumpter, M. D. Jürgens, C. Moeckel, M. G. Pereira, An alternative approach to risk rank chemicals on the threat they pose to the aquatic environment. Sci. Total Environ. 599-600, 1372–1381 (2017). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.039
9
A. C. Johnson, M. D. Jürgens, C. Su, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Shi, A. Sweetman, X. Jin, Y. Lu, Which commonly monitored chemical contaminant in the Bohai region and the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers of China poses the greatest threat to aquatic wildlife? Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 37, 1115–1121 (2018). 10.1002/etc.4042
10
V. D. J. Keller, R. J. Williams, C. Lofthouse, A. C. Johnson, Worldwide estimation of river concentrations of any chemical originating from sewage-treatment plants using dilution factors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 33, 447–452 (2014). 10.1002/etc.2441
11
D. Bunke, S. Moritz, W. Brack, D. L. Herráez, L. Posthuma, M. Nuss, Developments in society and implications for emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. Environ. Sci. Eur. 31, 32 (2019). 10.1186/s12302-019-0213-1
12
K. L. Thorpe, R. I. Cummings, T. H. Hutchinson, M. Scholze, G. Brighty, J. P. Sumpter, C. R. Tyler, Relative potencies and combination effects of steroidal estrogens in fish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 1142–1149 (2003). 10.1021/es0201348
13
J. P. Sumpter, A. C. Johnson, Lessons from endocrine disruption and their application to other issues concerning trace organics in the aquatic environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 4321–4332 (2005). 10.1021/es048504a
14
S. L. Waaijers, J. Hartmann, A. M. Soeter, R. Helmus, S. A. E. Kools, P. de Voogt, W. Admiraal, J. R. Parsons, M. H. S. Kraak, Toxicity of new generation flame retardants to Daphnia magna. Sci. Total Environ. 463–464, 1042–1048 (2013). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.110
15
B. A. Woodcock, N. J. B. Isaac, J. M. Bullock, D. B. Roy, D. G. Garthwaite, A. Crowe, R. F. Pywell, Impacts of neonicotinoid use on long-term population changes in wild bees in England. Nat. Commun. 7, 12459 (2016). 10.1038/ncomms12459
16
CEFIC, “Facts and figures of the European chemical industry” (The European Chemical Industry Council, 2018); http://old.cefic.org/Documents/RESOURCES/Reports-and-Brochure/Cefic_FactsAnd_Figures_2018_Industrial_BROCHURE_TRADE.pdf.
17
M. Rigby, S. Park, T. Saito, L. M. Western, A. L. Redington, X. Fang, S. Henne, A. J. Manning, R. G. Prinn, G. S. Dutton, P. J. Fraser, A. L. Ganesan, B. D. Hall, C. M. Harth, J. Kim, K.-R. Kim, P. B. Krummel, T. Lee, S. Li, Q. Liang, M. F. Lunt, S. A. Montzka, J. Mühle, S. O’Doherty, M.-K. Park, S. Reimann, P. K. Salameh, P. Simmonds, R. L. Tunnicliffe, R. F. Weiss, Y. Yokouchi, D. Young, Increase in CFC-11 emissions from eastern China based on atmospheric observations. Nature 569, 546–550 (2019). 10.1038/s41586-019-1193-4
18
P. Wang, Y. Lu, T. Wang, Z. Zhu, Q. Li, J. Meng, H. Su, A. C. Johnson, A. J. Sweetman, Coupled production and emission of short chain perfluoroalkyl acids from a fast developing fluorochemical industry: Evidence from yearly and seasonal monitoring in Daling River Basin, China. Environ. Pollut. 218, 1234–1244 (2016). 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.079
19
J. Fick, H. Söderström, R. H. Lindberg, C. Phan, M. Tysklind, D. G. J. Larsson, Contamination of surface, ground, and drinking water from pharmaceutical production. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 28, 2522–2527 (2009). 10.1897/09-073.1
20
H. Y. Zhao, R. Percival, Comparative Environmental Federalism: Subsidiarity and Central Regulation in the United States and China. Transnatl. Environ. Law 6, 531–549 (2017). 10.1017/S2047102517000206
21
S. H. Guo, J. Q. Lu, Jurisdictional air pollution regulation in China: A tragedy of the regulatory anti-commons. J. Clean. Prod. 212, 1054–1061 (2019). 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.068
22
T. Hong, N. N. Yu, Z. G. Mao, Does environment centralization prevent local governments from racing to the bottom?—Evidence from China. J. Clean. Prod. 231, 649–659 (2019). 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.181
23
G. Li, Q. He, S. Shao, J. Cao, Environmental non-governmental organizations and urban environmental governance: Evidence from China. J. Environ. Manage. 206, 1296–1307 (2018). 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.076
24
S. B. Kedzior, “Preemptive Participation” and Environmental Awareness Across Indian Water Quality Policy. J. Environ. Dev. 26, 272–296 (2017). 10.1177/1070496517697768
25
European Commission, Introduction to REACH regulation (2019); https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_en.htm.
26
E. L. Schymanski, H. P. Singer, J. Slobodnik, I. M. Ipolyi, P. Oswald, M. Krauss, T. Schulze, P. Haglund, T. Letzel, S. Grosse, N. S. Thomaidis, A. Bletsou, C. Zwiener, M. Ibáñez, T. Portolés, R. de Boer, M. J. Reid, M. Onghena, U. Kunkel, W. Schulz, A. Guillon, N. Noyon, G. Leroy, P. Bados, S. Bogialli, D. Stipaničev, P. Rostkowski, J. Hollender, Non-target screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry: Critical review using a collaborative trial on water analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407, 6237–6255 (2015). 10.1007/s00216-015-8681-7
27
B. Du, J. M. Lofton, K. T. Peter, A. D. Gipe, C. A. James, J. K. McIntyre, N. L. Scholz, J. E. Baker, E. P. Kolodziej, Development of suspect and non-target screening methods for detection of organic contaminants in highway runoff and fish tissue with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 19, 1185–1196 (2017). 10.1039/C7EM00243B
28
J. Hollender, E. L. Schymanski, H. P. Singer, P. L. Ferguson, Nontarget Screening with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Environment: Ready to Go? Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 11505–11512 (2017). 10.1021/acs.est.7b02184
29
M. C. Campos-Mañas, I. Ferrer, E. M. Thurman, J. A. Sánchez Pérez, A. Agüera, Identification of opioids in surface and wastewaters by LC/QTOF-MS using retrospective data analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 664, 874–884 (2019). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.389
30
N. A. McGrath, M. Brichacek, J. T. Njardarson, A Graphical Journey of Innovative Organic Architectures That Have Improved Our Lives. J. Chem. Educ. 87, 1348–1349 (2010). 10.1021/ed1003806
31
A. C. Johnson, M. D. Jürgens, F. K. Edwards, P. M. Scarlett, H. M. Vincent, P. von der Ohe, What Works? the Influence of Changing Wastewater Treatment Type, Including Tertiary Granular Activated Charcoal, on Downstream Macroinvertebrate Biodiversity Over Time. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 38, 1820–1832 (2019). 10.1002/etc.4460
32
M. Gardner, V. Jones, S. Comber, M. D. Scrimshaw, T. Coello-Garcia, E. Cartmell, J. Lester, B. Ellor, Performance of UK wastewater treatment works with respect to trace contaminants. Sci. Total Environ. 456–457, 359–369 (2013). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.088
33
Q. H. Zhang, W. N. Yang, H. H. Ngo, W. S. Guo, P. K. Jin, M. Dzakpasu, S. J. Yang, Q. Wang, X. C. Wang, D. Ao, Current status of urban wastewater treatment plants in China. Environ. Int. 92–93, 11–22 (2016). 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.024
34
M. Bourgin, B. Beck, M. Boehler, E. Borowska, J. Fleiner, E. Salhi, R. Teichler, U. von Gunten, H. Siegrist, C. S. McArdell, Evaluation of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant upgraded with ozonation and biological post-treatments: Abatement of micropollutants, formation of transformation products and oxidation by-products. Water Res. 129, 486–498 (2018). 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.036
35
UNEP, “Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management. SAICM texts and resolutions of the International Conference on Chemicals Management” (United Nations Environment Programme, 2007).
36
G. T. Ankley, R. S. Bennett, R. J. Erickson, D. J. Hoff, M. W. Hornung, R. D. Johnson, D. R. Mount, J. W. Nichols, C. L. Russom, P. K. Schmieder, J. A. Serrrano, J. E. Tietge, D. L. Villeneuve, Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 29, 730–741 (2010). 10.1002/etc.34
37
G. T. Ankley, D. C. Bencic, M. S. Breen, T. W. Collette, R. B. Conolly, N. D. Denslow, S. W. Edwards, D. R. Ekman, N. Garcia-Reyero, K. M. Jensen, J. M. Lazorchak, D. Martinović, D. H. Miller, E. J. Perkins, E. F. Orlando, D. L. Villeneuve, R. L. Wang, K. H. Watanabe, Endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish: Developing exposure indicators and predictive models of effects based on mechanism of action. Aquat. Toxicol. 92, 168–178 (2009). 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.01.013
38
A. C. Johnson, Y. Chen, Does exposure to domestic wastewater effluent (including steroid estrogens) harm fish populations in the UK? Sci. Total Environ. 589, 89–96 (2017). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.142
39
M. Yamamuro, T. Komuro, H. Kamiya, T. Kato, H. Hasegawa, Y. Kameda, Neonicotinoids disrupt aquatic food webs and decrease fishery yields. Science 366, 620–623 (2019). 10.1126/science.aax3442
40
M. Hanson, L. Baxter, J. Anderson, K. Solomon, R. Brain, Strength of methods assessment for aquatic primary producer toxicity data: A critical review of atrazine studies from the peer-reviewed literature. Sci. Total Environ. 685, 1221–1239 (2019). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.336
41
M. L. Hanson, B. A. Wolff, J. W. Green, M. Kivi, G. H. Panter, M. S. J. Warne, M. Ågerstrand, J. P. Sumpter, How we can make ecotoxicology more valuable to environmental protection. Sci. Total Environ. 578, 228–235 (2017). 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.160
42
E. Loken, A. Gelman, Measurement error and the replication crisis. Science 355, 584–585 (2017). 10.1126/science.aal3618
43
C. A. Mebane, J. P. Sumpter, A. Fairbrother, T. P. Augspurger, T. J. Canfield, W. L. Goodfellow, P. D. Guiney, A. LeHuray, L. Maltby, D. B. Mayfield, M. J. McLaughlin, L. S. Ortego, T. Schlekat, R. P. Scroggins, T. A. Verslycke, Scientific integrity issues in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Improving research reproducibility, credibility, and transparency. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 15, 320–344 (2019). 10.1002/ieam.4119
44
C. A. Harris, A. P. Scott, A. C. Johnson, G. H. Panter, D. Sheahan, M. Roberts, J. P. Sumpter, Principles of sound ecotoxicology. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 3100–3111 (2014). 10.1021/es4047507
45
D. A. Notter, D. M. Mitrano, B. Nowack, Are nanosized or dissolved metals more toxic in the environment? A meta-analysis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 33, 2733–2739 (2014). 10.1002/etc.2732
46
E. Mihaich, J. Rhodes, J. Wolf, N. van der Hoeven, D. Dietrich, A. T. Hall, N. Caspers, L. Ortego, C. Staples, S. Dimond, S. Hentges, Adult fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, partial life-cycle reproductive and gonadal histopathology study with bisphenol A. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 31, 2525–2535 (2012). 10.1002/etc.1976
47
A. C. Johnson, J. P. Sumpter, Are we going about chemical risk assessment for the aquatic environment the wrong way? Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 35, 1609–1616 (2016). 10.1002/etc.3441
48
ECHA, “The use of alternatives to testing on animals for the REACH Regulation” (European Chemicals Agency, 2017); https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13639/alternatives_test_animals_2017_en.pdf.
49
L. Weltje, J. P. Sumpter, What Makes a Concentration Environmentally Relevant? Critique and a Proposal. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 11520–11521 (2017). 10.1021/acs.est.7b04673
50
F. Sánchez-Bayo, K. A. G. Wyckhuys, Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biol. Conserv. 232, 8–27 (2019). 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020
51
C. A. Hallmann, M. Sorg, E. Jongejans, H. Siepel, N. Hofland, H. Schwan, W. Stenmans, A. Müller, H. Sumser, T. Hörren, D. Goulson, H. de Kroon, More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLOS ONE 12, e0185809 (2017).
52
M. O. Gessner, A. Tlili, Fostering integration of freshwater ecology with ecotoxicology. Freshw. Biol. 61, 1991–2001 (2016). 10.1111/fwb.12852
53
C. A. Mebane, R. J. Eakins, B. G. Fraser, W. J. Adams, Recovery of a mining-damaged stream ecosystem. Elem. Sci. Anth. 3, 000042 (2015). 10.12952/journal.elementa.000042
54
D. J. Spurgeon, S. P. Hopkin, D. T. Jones, Effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on growth, reproduction and survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny): Assessing the environmental impact of point-source metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 84, 123–130 (1994). 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90094-9
55
J. Herrmann, E. Degerman, A. Gerhardt, C. Johansson, P. E. Lingdell, I. P. Muniz, Acid stress effects on stream biology. Ambio 22, 298–307 (1993). 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809
56
D. A. Ratcliffe, Changes Attributable to Pesticides in Egg Breakage Frequency and Eggshell Thickness in Some British Birds. J. Appl. Ecol. 7, 67 (1970). 10.2307/2401613
57
C. D. Sayer, D. J. Hoare, G. L. Simpson, A. C. G. Henderson, E. R. Liptrot, M. J. Jackson, P. G. Appleby, J. F. Boyle, I. I. Jones, M. J. Waldock, TBT causes regime shift in shallow lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 5269–5275 (2006). 10.1021/es060161o
58
J. L. Oaks, M. Gilbert, M. Z. Virani, R. T. Watson, C. U. Meteyer, B. A. Rideout, H. L. Shivaprasad, S. Ahmed, M. J. Chaudhry, M. Arshad, S. Mahmood, A. Ali, A. A. Khan, Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan. Nature 427, 630–633 (2004). 10.1038/nature02317
59
J. P. Desforges, A. Hall, B. McConnell, A. Rosing-Asvid, J. L. Barber, A. Brownlow, S. De Guise, I. Eulaers, P. D. Jepson, R. J. Letcher, M. Levin, P. S. Ross, F. Samarra, G. Víkingson, C. Sonne, R. Dietz, Predicting global killer whale population collapse from PCB pollution. Science 361, 1373–1376 (2018). 10.1126/science.aat1953

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Science
Volume 367 | Issue 6476
24 January 2020

Copyright

Copyright © 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
This is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License.

Submission history

Published in print: 24 January 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Acknowledgments

We thank M. Jürgens (CEH) for technical support. Funding: A.C.J. and J.P.S. are grateful to NERC for grant NE/S000100/1 supporting the ChemPop project. Competing interests: A.C.J. and J.P.S. are currently members of the Defra (UK) Hazardous Substances Advisory Committee. No other competing interests are known.

Authors

Affiliations

Andrew C. Johnson* https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-3764 [email protected]
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
View all articles by this author
Xiaowei Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-3623
China National Environment Monitoring Centre, Anwai Dayangfang No. 8, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
View all articles by this author
Norihide Nakada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-6809
Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan.
View all articles by this author
John P. Sumpter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-0365
Institute for the Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
View all articles by this author

Funding Information

Notes

*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Article Usage
Altmetrics

Citations

Export citation

Select the format you want to export the citation of this publication.

Cited by
    • Rosa Posada-Baquero,
    • Kirk T. Semple,
    • Miguel Ternero,
    • José-Julio Ortega-Calvo,
    Determining the bioavailability of benzo(a)pyrene through standardized desorption extraction in a certified reference contaminated soil, Science of The Total Environment, 803, (150025), (2022).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150025
    Crossref
    • Dan Zhang,
    • Wei Liu,
    • Shui Wang,
    • Jing Zhao,
    • Shuhui Xu,
    • Hongye Yao,
    • Hao Wang,
    • Lisen Bai,
    • Ying Wang,
    • Huanglin Gu,
    • Jingzhong Tao,
    • Peng Shi,
    Risk assessments of emerging contaminants in various waters and changes of microbial diversity in sediments from Yangtze River chemical contiguous zone, Eastern China, Science of The Total Environment, 803, (149982), (2022).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149982
    Crossref
    • Xiubao Chen,
    • Hongbo Liu,
    • Honghui Huang,
    • Karsten Liber,
    • Tao Jiang,
    • Jian Yang,
    Cadmium bioaccumulation and distribution in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana exposed to environmentally relevant Cd levels, Science of The Total Environment, 791, (148289), (2021).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148289
    Crossref
    • Horácio Coelho-Júnior,
    • Bruno G. Silva,
    • Cilene Labre,
    • Renan P. Loreto,
    • Rubem L. Sommer,
    Room-temperature synthesis of earth-abundant semiconductor ZnSiN2 on amorphous carbon, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, (2021).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82845-6
    Crossref
    • Tong Xu,
    • Jingwen Chen,
    • Xi Chen,
    • Huaijun Xie,
    • Zhongyu Wang,
    • Deming Xia,
    • Weihao Tang,
    • Hong-bin Xie,
    Prediction Models on p K a and Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis Kinetics of Parabens: Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies , Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 9, (6022-6031), (2021).https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06891
    Crossref
    • Erik Hermann,
    • Gunter Hermann,
    • Jean-Christophe Tremblay,
    Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Research and Development: A Dual Advantage for Sustainability, Science and Engineering Ethics, 27, 4, (2021).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-021-00325-6
    Crossref
    • Stewart F. Owen,
    • Jason R. Snape,
    Beyond the patient: Advanced techniques to help predict the fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment, The Era of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science in the Pharmaceutical Industry, (217-235), (2021).https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820045-2.00012-X
    Crossref
    • Masashi Kamo,
    • Kiyan Sorgog,
    Response to: Quantifying the precision of ecological risk: Misunderstandings and errors in the methods for assessment factors versus species sensitivity distributions by Drs. Scott E. Belanger and Gregory J. Carr, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 207, (111542), (2021).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111542
    Crossref
    • Antoine Gosset,
    • Laure Wiest,
    • Aurélie Fildier,
    • Christine Libert,
    • Barbara Giroud,
    • Myriam Hammada,
    • Matthieu Hervé,
    • Elisabeth Sibeud,
    • Emmanuelle Vulliet,
    • Philippe Polomé,
    • Yves Perrodin,
    Ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern identified by “suspect screening” from urban wastewater treatment plant effluents at a territorial scale, Science of The Total Environment, 778, (146275), (2021).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146275
    Crossref
    • Johan Fahlman,
    • Gustav Hellström,
    • Micael Jonsson,
    • Jerker Berglund Fick,
    • Martin Rosvall,
    • Jonatan Klaminder,
    Impacts of Oxazepam on Perch ( Perca fluviatilis ) Behavior: Fish Familiarized to Lake Conditions Do Not Show Predicted Anti-anxiety Response , Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 6, (3624-3633), (2021).https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05587
    Crossref
  11. See more

View Options

Get Access

Log in to view the full text

AAAS ID LOGIN

AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS Members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.

Log in via OpenAthens.
via OpenAthens
Log in via Shibboleth.
via Shibboleth
More options

Purchase digital access to this article

Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.

Purchase this issue in print

Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.

View options

PDF format

Download this article as a PDF file

Download PDF

Media

Figures

Multimedia

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share on social media

Current Issue

Go to Science
Table of Contents

LATEST NEWS