Breakup of last glacial deep stratification in the South Pacific
CO2 escaped from the deep
Why did the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise so much and so quickly during the last deglaciation? Evidence has begun to accumulate suggesting that old, carbon-rich water accumulated at depth in the Southern Ocean, which then released its charge when Southern Ocean stratification broke down as the climate there warmed. Basak et al. present measurements of neodymium isotopes that clearly show that the deepwater column of the glacial southern South Pacific was stratified, just as would be necessary for the accumulation of old, carbon-rich water. Their data also show that North Atlantic processes were not the dominant control on Southern Ocean water-mass structure during that interval, as has been thought.
Science, this issue p. 900
Abstract
Stratification of the deep Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum is thought to have facilitated carbon storage and subsequent release during the deglaciation as stratification broke down, contributing to atmospheric CO2 rise. Here, we present neodymium isotope evidence from deep to abyssal waters in the South Pacific that confirms stratification of the deepwater column during the Last Glacial Maximum. The results indicate a glacial northward expansion of Ross Sea Bottom Water and a Southern Hemisphere climate trigger for the deglacial breakup of deep stratification. It highlights the important role of abyssal waters in sustaining a deep glacial carbon reservoir and Southern Hemisphere climate change as a prerequisite for the destabilization of the water column and hence the deglacial release of sequestered CO2 through upwelling.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S5
Tables S1 to S4
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References and Notes
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Volume 359 | Issue 6378
23 February 2018
23 February 2018
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Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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Received: 29 June 2017
Accepted: 10 January 2018
Published in print: 23 February 2018
Acknowledgments
Data presented in this study are available in the supplementary materials and on Pangaea under http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.858969. We thank the scientific party, captain, and crew of R/V Polarstern cruise ANT-XXVI/2. We thank M. Schulz and P. Böning from the Max Planck Research Group for Marine Isotope Geochemistry for help with labwork. We are grateful to J. Ullermann (Alfred Wegener Institute) for measuring benthic δ18O data that we used for age model construction of cores PS75/059-2 and PS75/056-1. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. Financial support for this study came from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant OCE-09-35115 to K.P., ICBM, and the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology.
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Funding Information
National Science Foundation: OCE-09-35115
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology:
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg:
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