Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafineaerosol particles
Up with ultrafine aerosol particles
Ultrafine aerosol particles (smaller than 50 nanometers in diameter) have beenthought to be too small to affect cloud formation. Fan et al.show that this is not the case. They studied the effect of urban pollutiontransported into the otherwise nearly pristine atmosphere of the Amazon.Condensational growth of water droplets around the tiny particles releaseslatent heat, thereby intensifying atmospheric convection. Thus, anthropogenicultrafine aerosol particles may exert a more important influence on cloudformation processes than previously believed.
Science, this issue p. 411
Abstract
Aerosol-cloud interactions remain the largest uncertainty in climate projections.Ultrafine aerosol particles smaller than 50 nanometers (UAP<50)can be abundant in the troposphere but are conventionally considered too smallto affect cloud formation. Observational evidence and numerical simulations ofdeep convective clouds (DCCs) over the Amazon show that DCCs forming in alow-aerosol environment can develop very large vapor supersaturation becausefast droplet coalescence reduces integrated droplet surface area and subsequentcondensation. UAP<50 from pollution plumes that are ingested intosuch clouds can be activated to form additional cloud droplets on which excesssupersaturation condenses and forms additional cloud water and latent heating,thus intensifying convective strength. This mechanism suggests a stronganthropogenic invigoration of DCCs in previously pristine regions of theworld.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S17
Table S1
Resources
File (aan8461_fan_sm.pdf)
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Information & Authors
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Science
Volume 359 | Issue 6374
26 January 2018
26 January 2018
Copyright
Copyright © 2018, The Authors, some rights reserved;exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claimto original U.S. Government Works.
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Received: 26 May 2017
Accepted: 22 December 2017
Published in print: 26 January 2018
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Atmospheric SystemResearch Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated forDOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. This researchused PNNL Institutional Computing resources. Y.Z. and Z.L. were supported by NSFgrant AGS1534670 and National Science Foundation of China grant 91544217. D.R. wassupported by project BACCHUS European Commission FP7-603445. S.E.G. representsBrookhaven Science Associates LLC under DOE contract DE-SC0012704. The DOEAtmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility’s GoAmazonfield campaign data were used. The x-band and s-band (SIPAM) radar data weresupported by the CHUVA project. We thank the GoAmazon team and the CHUVA team fortheir effort to produce the observational data. We acknowledge support from theCentral Office of the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA),Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Universidade do Estado doAmazonas (UEA), and the local Research Foundation (FAPEAM). L.A.T.M., P.A., andH.M.J.B. were supported by FAPESP grants 2009/15235-8, 2013/05014-0, and2013/50510-5. The work was conducted under authorization 001030/2012-4 of theBrazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Forthe operation of the ATTO site, we acknowledge support by the German FederalMinistry of Education and Research (BMBF contract 01LB1001A), the BrazilianMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI/FINEPcontract 01.11.01248.00), and the Amazon State University (UEA), FAPEAM, LBA/INPA,and SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatumã. We thank C. Schumacher and A. Funk at Texas A&MUniversity for the SIPAM data, T. Biscaro for the x-band data, S. Tang at LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory for the input of local convective system selection, S.Hagos at PNNL for the input of model configuration, and C. Kuang at BrookhavenNational Laboratory for help in understanding the uncertainty of Scanning MobilityParticle Sizer data. The observational data including x-band and SIPAM radar datafrom CHUVA can be obtained from DOE ARM data archive www.archive.arm.gov/discovery/#v/results/s/fiop::amf2014goamazon,which is available to the community. The model simulation data are archived at PNNLPIC and are available at https://dtn2.pnl.gov/data/jiwen/GoAmazon_simulations_sci/.
Authors
Funding Information
U.S. Department of Energy: award364292
Department of Energy (DOE): award317001, DE-AC06-76RLO1830
the National Science Foundation: award362698, AGS1534670
the German Federal Ministry of Education andResearch: award362697, 01LB1001A
Brazilian National Council for Scientific and TechnologicalDevelopment: award348469, 001030/2012-4
BACCHUS European Commission: award362699, FP7-603445
the Brazilian Ministério da Ciência,Tecnologia e Inovação: award362700, 01.11.01248.00
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