Pathogen to powerhouse
Abstract
Mitochondria and plastids are essential for harnessing energy in eukaryotic cells. They are believed to have formed through primary endosymbioses, in which bacterial symbionts were converted into energy-producing organelles. Primary endosymbiosis is extremely rare: Only one other case is known, in the amoeba Paulinella (1). This rarity is usually attributed to the many innovations that are required for organelles to be integrated into the cellular machinery (2). However, the first challenges for an endosymbiont are to avoid being digested by the host and to replicate in its novel environment. Recent studies provide clues to how the precursors to mitochondria and the plastid overcame these challenges.
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References and Notes
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Science
Volume 351 | Issue 6274
12 February 2016
12 February 2016
Copyright
Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Published in print: 12 February 2016
Acknowledgments
S.G.B. was supported by the CNRS, the Université des Sciences et technologies de Lille, and the ANR grants “expendo” and “ménage à trois.” D.B. was supported by NSF grants MGSP 0625440 and MCB 0946528, and A.P.M.W. was supported by German Research Foundation grants CRC-TR1, CRC 1208, and EXC 1028. All authors contributed equally to this work. We thank G. Greub, Ch. Colleoni, S. Aebi, M. Ducatez, B. Bouchet, H. Qiu, and D. C. Price for helpful comments on the manuscript. In memory of Fabrice Rappaport, a distinguished student of organelle powerhouses.
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