Dynamic Compression of Earth Materials
Abstract
Shock wave techniques have been used to investigate the pressure-density relations of metals, silicates, and oxides over the entire range of pressures present in the earth (3.7 × 106 bars at the center). In many materials of geophysical interest, such as iron, wüstite, calcium oxide, and forsterite, major shock-induced phase changes dominate the compression behavior below pressures of 106 bars. The shock wave data for the high-pressure phases of these minerals lead to important inferences about the composition of the lower mantle and outer, liquid core of the earth. The lower mantle of the earth appears to have a slightly higher density than is inferred to correspond to the behavior of an olivine-rich assemblage of the same composition as the upper mantle. The core has a density some 10 percent less than that of pure iron and may have 9 to 12 percent sulfur or about 8 percent oxygen by weight.
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Volume 207 | Issue 4435
7 March 1980
7 March 1980
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- Models of the Earth's Core, Science, 214, 4521, (611-619), (1981)./doi/10.1126/science.214.4521.611
- Association Reaction in Forsterite Under Shock Compression, Science, 214, 4517, (177-179), (1981)./doi/10.1126/science.214.4517.177
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