Thunderstorm Electrification of Hail and Graupel by Polar Dribble
Abstract
Hail and graupel falling through rain collect water that selectively dribbles upward from the upper surface of a hailstone. When the hailstones are polarized by nearly vertical electrostatic field these vertically discharged water drops carry away free charge of the same sign as that induced on the upper surfaces. The hail thereby accumulates an equilibrium charge of opposite sign, corresponding to the charges induced on the bottom surfaces. The equilibrium charges are large enough to be important in thunderstorms.
References
ELSTER, J, The electrostatic induction theory of the electricity of condensation, PHYSIKALISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 14: 1287 (1913).
GUNN, R, COLLISION CHARACTERISTICS OF FREELY FALLING WATER DROPS, SCIENCE 150: 695 (1965).
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Already a Subscriber?Sign In
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Science
Volume 151 | Issue 3711
11 February 1966
11 February 1966
Copyright
1966 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Published in print: 11 February 1966
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Article Usage
Altmetrics
Citations
Export citation
Select the format you want to export the citation of this publication.
View Options
Get Access
Log in to view the full text
AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS Members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.
- Become a AAAS Member
- Activate your AAAS ID
- Purchase Access to Other Journals in the Science Family
- Account Help
Log in via OpenAthens.
Log in via Shibboleth.
More options
Purchase digital access to this article
Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.
Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.
View options
PDF format
Download this article as a PDF file
Download PDF