Ultralow-fatigue shape memory alloy films
Memory alloys that avoid exhaustion
Shape memory alloys can pop back into shape after being deformed. However, often these alloys cannot cope with a large number of deformation cycles. Chluba et al. find an alloy that avoids this pitfall, deforming 10 million times with very little fatigue (see the Perspective by James). Such low-fatigue materials could be useful in a plethora of future applications ranging from refrigerators to artificial heart valves.
Abstract
Functional shape memory alloys need to operate reversibly and repeatedly. Quantitative measures of reversibility include the relative volume change of the participating phases and compatibility matrices for twinning. But no similar argument is known for repeatability. This is especially crucial for many future applications, such as artificial heart valves or elastocaloric cooling, in which more than 10 million transformation cycles will be required. We report on the discovery of an ultralow-fatigue shape memory alloy film system based on TiNiCu that allows at least 10 million transformation cycles. We found that these films contain Ti2Cu precipitates embedded in the base alloy that serve as sentinels to ensure complete and reproducible transformation in the course of each memory cycle.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S9
Tables S1 to S4
Reference (32)
Resources
File (chluba-sm.pdf)
References and Notes
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Published In
Science
Volume 348 | Issue 6238
29 May 2015
29 May 2015
Copyright
Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 12 September 2014
Accepted: 14 April 2015
Published in print: 29 May 2015
Acknowledgments
The work at the University of Kiel was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the Priority Program 1599. L.K. and J.S. appreciate the assistance of V. Duppel (Max Planck Institute for solid state research) for recording the electron diffraction patterns, B. V. Lotsch for enabling electron microscopy, and C. Szillus for TEM sample preparation. The work at the University of Maryland was supported by grant DOE DESC0005448; use of the Advanced Photon Source - Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.W. and W.G. thank P. Zavalij for his guidance with the Rietveld refinement and J. Steiner for the compatibility calculations. The synchrotron diffraction data are available from the corresponding author. Other data are available in the main text and the supplementary materials.
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