Controlling graphene plasmons with resonant metal antennas and spatial conductivity patterns
A controlled launch for plasmons
To create nanophotonic devices, engineers must combine large-scale optics with tiny nanoelectronics. Plasmons, the collective light-induced excitations of electrons at a metal's surface, can bridge that difference in size scales. Alonso-Gonzalez et al. placed structured gold “antennas” on top of a graphene layer to launch and propagate plasmonic excitations into the graphene. By carefully designing the antennas, the researchers could engineer the wavefronts of the plasmons and control the direction of propagation. This approach illustrates a versatile approach for the development of nanophotonics.
Science, this issue p. 1369
Abstract
Graphene plasmons promise unique possibilities for controlling light in nanoscale devices and for merging optics with electronics. We developed a versatile platform technology based on resonant optical antennas and conductivity patterns for launching and control of propagating graphene plasmons, an essential step for the development of graphene plasmonic circuits. We launched and focused infrared graphene plasmons with geometrically tailored antennas and observed how they refracted when passing through a two-dimensional conductivity pattern, here a prism-shaped bilayer. To that end, we directly mapped the graphene plasmon wavefronts by means of an imaging method that will be useful in testing future design concepts for nanoscale graphene plasmonic circuits and devices.
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Supplementary Material
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Science
Volume 344 | Issue 6190
20 June 2014
20 June 2014
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Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Received: 11 March 2014
Accepted: 8 May 2014
Published in print: 20 June 2014
Acknowledgments
We thank P. S. Carney, A. Kuzmenko, I. Nechaev, and F. Guinea for stimulating discussions. Supported by the European Union through ERC starting grants (TERATOMO, SPINTROS and CarbonLight), NMP (HINTS and Grafol), Marie Curie Career Integration Grants (ITAMOSCINOM and GRANOP); the European Commission under Graphene Flagship (contract no. CNECT-ICT-604391); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (National Projects MAT2012-36580 and MAT2012-37638) and from the Basque Government (Project PI2011-1). F.K. acknowledges support from the Fundacio Cellex Barcelona. R.H. is co-founder of Neaspec GmbH, a company producing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope systems such as the one used in this study. All other authors declare no competing financial interests.
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