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Ecological Consequences of Sea-Ice Decline

Eric Post [email protected], Uma S. Bhatt, Cecilia M. Bitz, Jedediah F. Brodie, Tara L. Fulton, Mark Hebblewhite, Jeffrey Kerby, Susan J. Kutz, Ian Stirling, and Donald A. Walker
Science • 2 Aug 2013 • Vol 341, Issue 6145 • pp. 519-524 • DOI: 10.1126/science.1235225
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Abstract

After a decade with nine of the lowest arctic sea-ice minima on record, including the historically low minimum in 2012, we synthesize recent developments in the study of ecological responses to sea-ice decline. Sea-ice loss emerges as an important driver of marine and terrestrial ecological dynamics, influencing productivity, species interactions, population mixing, gene flow, and pathogen and disease transmission. Major challenges in the near future include assigning clearer attribution to sea ice as a primary driver of such dynamics, especially in terrestrial systems, and addressing pressures arising from human use of arctic coastal and near-shore areas as sea ice diminishes.
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Science
Volume 341 | Issue 6145
2 August 2013

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Copyright © 2013, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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Published in print: 2 August 2013

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Acknowledgments

U.S.B., E.P., and D.A.W. thank NSF and NASA; E.P. thanks the National Geographic Society; M.H. thanks NASA; J.K. and C.M.B. thank NSF. S.J.K. thanks National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); the Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health; the governments of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon; and the government of Canada’s International Polar Year Program. I.S. thanks Environment Canada, the Polar Continental Shelf Project, NSERC, and the World Wildlife Fund. We thank Misty Wilt Graphic Design LLC for Fig. 1, A and B; M. Raynolds for Fig. 1C; and three anonymous referees for helpful comments.

Authors

Affiliations

Eric Post* [email protected]
The Polar Center, and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Uma S. Bhatt
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Cecilia M. Bitz
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, 408 ATG Building, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Jedediah F. Brodie
Departments of Botany and Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Tara L. Fulton
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Mark Hebblewhite
Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Jeffrey Kerby
The Polar Center, and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Susan J. Kutz
Department of Ecosystem Public Health, University of Calgary Veterinary Medicine, TRW 2D01, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Ian Stirling
Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, c/o Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Donald A. Walker
Alaska Geobotany Center, Institute of Arctic Biology, and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Notes

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

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