Perceptual Learning Incepted by Decoded fMRI Neurofeedback Without Stimulus Presentation
Abstract
It is controversial whether the adult primate early visual cortex is sufficiently plastic to cause visual perceptual learning (VPL). The controversy occurs partially because most VPL studies have examined correlations between behavioral and neural activity changes rather than cause-and-effect relationships. With an online-feedback method that uses decoded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, we induced activity patterns only in early visual cortex corresponding to an orientation without stimulus presentation or participants’ awareness of what was to be learned. The induced activation caused VPL specific to the orientation. These results suggest that early visual areas are so plastic that mere inductions of activity patterns are sufficient to cause VPL. This technique can induce plasticity in a highly selective manner, potentially leading to powerful training and rehabilitative protocols.
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Published In
Science
Volume 334 | Issue 6061
9 December 2011
9 December 2011
Copyright
Copyright © 2011, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 1 August 2011
Accepted: 26 October 2011
Published in print: 9 December 2011
Acknowledgments
This work was conducted in “Brain Machine Interface Development” under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. T.W. was partially supported by NIH grants R01 AG031941 and R01 EY015980 and Y.S. by grants R01 MH091801 and NSF 0964776. We thank J. Dobres, M. Fukuda, G. Ganesh, H. Imamizu, A. R. Seitz, and K. Tanaka for their comments on a draft of this manuscript and M. Fukuda, Y. Furukawa, S. Hirose, M. Sato, and ATR BAIC for technical assistances.
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