Extent of Chromatin Spreading Determined by roX RNA Recruitment of MSL Proteins

The untranslated roX1 and roX2 RNAs are components of the Drosophila male-specific lethal (MSL) complex, which modifies histones to up-regulate transcription of the male X chromosome. roX genes are normally located on the X chromosome, and roX transgenes can misdirect the dosage compensation machinery to spread locally on other chromosomes. Here we define MSL protein abundance as a determinant of whether the MSL complex will spread in cis from an autosomalroX transgene. The number of expressed roX genes in a nucleus was inversely correlated with spreading fromroX transgenes. We suggest a model in which MSL proteins assemble into active complexes by binding nascent roXtranscripts. When MSL protein/roX RNA ratios are high, assembly will be efficient, and complexes may be completed while still tethered to the DNA template. We propose that this local production of MSL complexes determines the extent of spreading into flanking chromatin.