Patents, Secrecy, and DNA
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1
McCormack S., DNA Patent Database, http://www.genomic.org/, and a search of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database by J. Martinel (USPTO), 16 January 2001.
3
National Academy of Engineering, Time Horizons and Technology Investments (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1992); http://books.nap.edu/catalog/1943.html.
4
Narin F., Olivastro D., Res. Policy21, 237 (1992).
5
Narin F., Rozek R. P., Res. Policy17, 139 (1988).
6
Mansfield E., Rev. Econ. Stat.77, 55 (1995).
7
Mansfield E., Res. Policy20, 1 (1991).
8
Henderson R., Jaffe A., Trajtenberg M., Rev. Econ. Stat.80, 119 (1998)available at http://papers.nber.org/papers/W5068.
9
Gambardella A., Science and Innovation: The U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry During the 1980s (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1995).
10
Cockburn I., Henderson R., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.93, 12725 (1996).
11
The term for U.S. patents is now 20 years from the date of filing, with some opportunities for extensions in the case of drug patents.
12
K. F. Jorda, “Intellectual property: New factor of production in the 21st century: Information and knowledge protected as intellectual property: Role in economic, social, cultural and technological development,” speech to the WIPO-UNITAR (U.N. Institute for Training and Research) Academy, New York, NY, August 1999. Available at www.ipmall.fplc.edu/pubs/speeches/jorda_08_27_99.htm.
13
U.S. Patent 6,025,154, “Polynucleotides encoding human G-protein chemokine receptor HDGNR10,” issued 15 February 2000; filed 6 June 1995.
14
Jacobs P., Gosselin P. G., Los Angeles Times,A1 (21 March 2000).
15
USPTO, Fed. Regist. 65, 57024 (2000).
16
Haseltine W., Scott R., at a workshop for Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), U.S. Congress, 7 January 1994, “The human genome project and patenting DNA sequences” (April 1994), on file at the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature (Human Genome Archive).
17
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore, WIPO, Project C-1, WIPO/BIOT/WG/99/1, p. 10, 28 October 1999; and www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2001/igc/index.htm.
18
U.S. law permits a 1-year grace period after publication to file a patent application. Most other countries lack a grace period, although several are debating the issue.
19
OTA, Mapping Our Genes—Genome Projects: How Big? How Fast? (OTA-BA-373, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, April 1988), 167–168. also available at www.wws.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/byteserv.prl/∼ota/disk2/1988/8827/882710.PDF.
20
Supplementary material is available on Science Online at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5528/217/DC1.
(0)eLetters
eLetters is an online forum for ongoing peer review. Submission of eLetters are open to all. eLetters are not edited, proofread, or indexed. Please read our Terms of Service before submitting your own eLetter.
Log In to Submit a ResponseNo eLetters have been published for this article yet.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Science
Volume 293 | Issue 5528
13 July 2001
13 July 2001
Copyright
© 2001 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Published in print: 13 July 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Article Usage
Altmetrics
Citations
Export citation
Select the format you want to export the citation of this publication.
View Options
Check Access
Log in to view the full text
AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS Members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.
- Become a AAAS Member
- Activate your AAAS ID
- Purchase Access to Other Journals in the Science Family
- Account Help
Log in via OpenAthens.
Log in via Shibboleth.
More options
Purchase digital access to this article
Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.
Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.